Causes of Ovarian Cysts
Understanding why ovarian cysts develop
Most Common Cause: The Menstrual Cycle
The majority of ovarian cysts form as a normal part of the menstrual cycle. These are called functional cysts and are usually harmless.
Key Fact: Functional cysts develop during ovulation and account for most ovarian cysts. They typically disappear on their own within 1-3 months.
Each month, your ovaries produce small fluid-filled sacs called follicles. These follicles contain eggs and produce hormones. When an egg is released during ovulation, the follicle normally dissolves. Sometimes, the follicle doesn't release the egg or doesn't dissolve properly, leading to cyst formation.
Types of Functional Cysts
Follicular Cysts
The most common type. Occurs when the follicle doesn't release the egg during ovulation.
- • Usually 2-3cm in size
- • Often causes no symptoms
- • Resolves within 1-3 months
Corpus Luteum Cysts
Occurs when the corpus luteum doesn't dissolve after releasing an egg.
- • Can grow larger (up to 5cm)
- • May cause mild pain
- • Usually resolves within weeks
Other Causes
Endometriosis
When endometrial tissue grows on the ovaries, it can form endometriomas or "chocolate cysts" filled with old blood. These cysts can cause pain and affect fertility.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
Women with PCOS develop many small cysts on their ovaries due to hormonal imbalances. This is different from having occasional functional cysts.
Pregnancy
Cysts can form early in pregnancy to support the pregnancy (corpus luteum cyst) and usually disappear by the second trimester.
Pelvic Infections
Severe pelvic infections can spread to the ovaries and fallopian tubes, causing cysts to form as part of the inflammatory response.
Understanding Your Risk
If you're concerned about ovarian cysts, get proper evaluation and guidance from our experts.