Radioactive Iodine Therapy
Definitive treatment for hyperthyroidism and Graves disease. A single dose of radioactive iodine safely destroys overactive thyroid tissue, often providing a cure.
What is Radioactive Iodine Therapy?
Radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy uses a small amount of radioactive iodine-131 to destroy overactive thyroid cells. The thyroid naturally absorbs iodine, so the radiation specifically targets thyroid tissue.
It's a safe, effective, and commonly used treatment for hyperthyroidism, particularly Graves disease. Most patients are cured with a single treatment.
When RAI is Recommended
- ✓Hyperthyroidism not controlled with medication
- ✓Recurrence after antithyroid drugs
- ✓Patients who can't take antithyroid drugs
- ✓Large goiter with hyperthyroidism
The Treatment Process
Preparation
Stop antithyroid drugs 3-5 days before treatment. Follow a low-iodine diet for 1-2 weeks.
Treatment
Swallow a small capsule or liquid containing radioactive iodine. Takes just a few minutes.
After Treatment
Stay away from others for a few days. Avoid close contact with children and pregnant women.
Monitoring
Thyroid function is checked at 6-8 weeks. Most patients see improvement within 2-3 months.
Follow-up
If hyperthyroidism persists, a second dose may be needed. Most achieve permanent cure.
Safety & Side Effects
Very Safe
RAI has been used for over 80 years with excellent safety record
Temporary Effects
Neck tenderness, nausea, temporary taste changes
Pregnancy
Not for pregnant or breastfeeding women. Wait 6-12 months after treatment to conceive
Frequently Asked Questions
Will I be radioactive after treatment?
Yes, for a few days. You'll need to avoid close contact with others, especially children and pregnant women. The radiation clears quickly.
Will I develop hypothyroidism?
Yes, many patients eventually develop hypothyroidism and need levothyroxine. This is actually the goal of treatment - controlled thyroid destruction.
How successful is RAI therapy?
About 80-90% of patients are cured with a single dose. Another 10-15% need a second dose.
Can I work after treatment?
Most people can return to work the next day, but should avoid prolonged close contact with colleagues for a few days.
Is RAI safe for my eyes (Graves ophthalmopathy)?
RAI can sometimes worsen eye disease in Graves patients. Your doctor may recommend steroids to prevent this.