What is PCOS?
Understanding Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
PCOS Definition
PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome) is a hormonal disorder affecting women of reproductive age. It's one of the most common endocrine disorders in women, affecting about 1 in 10 women.
The name "polycystic" refers to the many small cysts (fluid-filled sacs) that form in the ovaries. However, not all women with PCOS have cysts, and having ovarian cysts doesn't necessarily mean you have PCOS.
Hormonal Imbalance
Excess androgens (male hormones) cause many PCOS symptoms
Ovarian Dysfunction
Irregular or absent ovulation affects fertility
Metabolic Issues
Insulin resistance is common in PCOS
The Three Main Features of PCOS
PCOS is diagnosed when at least 2 of these 3 criteria are present:
1. Irregular Ovulation
Infrequent, irregular, or absent menstrual periods indicate that ovulation is not occurring regularly or at all.
- • Periods more than 35 days apart
- • Fewer than 8 periods per year
- • Absent periods for 3+ months
- • Very heavy or very light periods
2. Excess Androgens
High levels of male hormones (androgens) can be detected through blood tests or physical signs:
- • Excess facial and body hair (hirsutism)
- • Severe acne
- • Male-pattern baldness
- • Elevated testosterone levels in blood tests
3. Polycystic Ovaries
Ultrasound shows enlarged ovaries containing multiple small follicles (cysts):
- • 12 or more follicles in each ovary
- • Follicles measuring 2-9mm in diameter
- • Increased ovarian volume
Important to Know
- PCOS is a chronic condition requiring long-term management, not one-time treatment
- Not all women with PCOS have visible cysts on their ovaries
- PCOS symptoms and severity vary greatly between women
- Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent long-term complications
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